Scottish Independence and the United Kingdom

There are eight accepted criteria that determine whether an entity is an independent country or state. An entity need only fail on one of the eight criteria to fall short of the definition of an independent country. Scotland does not meet six of the eight criteria. Criteria Defining an Independent Country Heres how Scotland measures upon the criteria that define an independent country or state. Space  or  Territory  With  Internationally  Recognized  Boundaries Boundary  disputes are OK. Scotland does have internationally recognized boundaries and an area of 78,133 square kilometers. People  Live  There  on  an  Ongoing  Basis According to the 2001 census, Scotlands population is 5,062,011. Economic  Activity  and  an  Organized  Economy This also means a country  regulates  foreign  and  domestic  trade  and  issues money. Scotland certainly has economic activity and an organized economy; Scotland even has its own GDP (over 62 billion pounds sterling as of 1998). However, Scotland does not regulate foreign or domestic trade, and the Scottish Parliament is not authorized to do so. Under the terms of the Scotland Act 1998, the Scottish Parliament is able to pass laws on a range of issues known as devolved issues. The United Kingdom Parliament is able to act on reserved issues. Reserved issues include a variety of economic issues: the fiscal, economic and monetary system; energy; common markets; and traditions. The Bank of Scotland does issue money, but it prints the British pound on behalf of the central government. The Power of Social Engineering, Such As Education The Scottish Parliament is able to control education, training, and social work (but not social security). However, this power was granted to Scotland by U.K. Parliament. Transportation System for Moving Goods and People Scotland itself has a transportation system, but the system is not fully under Scottish control. The Scottish Parliament controls some aspects of transportation, including the Scottish road network, bus policy, and ports and harbors, while the U.K. Parliament controls railways, transport safety,  and regulation. Again, Scotlands power was granted by the U.K. Parliament. Government That Provides Public Services and Police Power The Scottish Parliament has the ability to control law and home affairs (including most aspects of criminal and civil law, the prosecution system, and the courts) as well as the police and fire services. The U.K. Parliament controls defense and national security across the United Kingdom. Again, Scotlands power was granted to Scotland by the U.K. Parliament. Sovereignty: No Other State Has Power Over the Country's Territory Scotland does not have sovereignty. The U.K. Parliament definitely has power over Scotlands territory. External  Recognition, "Voted Into the Club" by Other Countries Scotland does not have external recognition, nor does Scotland have its own embassies in other independent countries. The Verdict As you can see, Scotland is not an independent country or state, and neither are Wales, Northern Ireland, or England itself. However, Scotland is most certainly a nation of people living in an internal division of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

How Men and Women Are Perceived According to Their Gender

In todays western world societal differences occur based on ones gender and have been shaped over hundreds of years and have shown what is deemed acceptable for one gender is not always acceptable for the other. Our society is based on a gender social structure and what is appropriate for an individual. Promiscuous behavior and active sexual expression ranges from whats expected of an individual and can change based on their gender, age and socio-economic status. The evolutionary theories explain biological differences in sexual behavior between males and females , which have developed patterns to sustain the double standard. This theories state that men are to pass on their genes , in order to have many children to carry their DNA , where as females are to be selective and find one productive father that can support and take care of them (Milhausen Herold , 2008). Evolutionary theories also explain that if a women were to go out and sleep with a variety of males, she would be see a s permissive and that is not accepted because if the women were to get pregnant she would than not know the paternity of her child , therefore the man would question the paternity of the child (Fugere, Escoto, Cousins, Riggs, Haerich, 2008). Men and women are judged by different standards in society and these cultural norms show males as more dominated within the sexual double standard, where as some women endorse the standard to protect their personal relationship. Women are suppose to beShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : A Social Problem1016 Words   |  5 PagesGender inequality is a social problem that is widespread in society. It is referred to as the unfair treatment of individuals based on one s gender. Historically, laws have opposed women to go to school, access certain jobs, and purchase property. Gender inequality has been experience through culture – honor-killing, sex-selective abortion, and society – occupation, gender roles, and education. The social expectations of men and women differ between cultures that are constructed socially and culturallyRead MoreStereotypes Of Men And Women Should Act997 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, there are many stereotypes about how men and women should act. These stereotypes tend to generalize certain characteristics of men and women. For example, men are perceived as aggressive and dominant, and women are perceived as expressive and emotional. This is an example of gender roles. Numerous individuals will believe that people should act appropriately, according to their gender. Numerous people start developing stereotypical ideas of gender roles as of three years old (Albert PorterRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Social Influences Within Health And Well Being1317 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Harmful use of alcohol contributes 3.3 million deaths every year according to WHO (2015), which is representative of 5.9% of all deaths across the globe. Despite governmental law of putting the drinking age to be 18 and over (UK and Ireland), Many studies reported that within the last ten years that have examined the drinking habits of young people, results show that UK teenagers are characterized by high levels of intoxication and binge drinking. (Binge drinking is defined by the NHSRead More The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Johnny Weir, â€Å"Masculinity is what you believe it to be... [it is] all by perception, [I believe] masculinity and femininity is something that is very old-fashioned... [there is a] whole new generation of people who aren’t defined by their race or their sex or who they like to sleep with.† This statement exemplifies the definition of gender as a concept; gender is the expectations of a sex according to the culture of society. Sexuality, within this definition of gender, reflects society’sRead MoreEffect Of Society Over Gender And Sexual Identity Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Society over Gender and Sexual Identity When Alex was born, his parents were delighted to add another boy to their family. As their baby boy began to grow and develop, they noticed that Alex began to express himself in a manner that they viewed as more feminine than masculine. He gravitated toward dolls and other toys that the culture often associates with girls. 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What if I told all that could’ve been different in a new world where women and men could be free, own land, and practice any religion, would you go? Many European settlers fled England with hopes to break free from tradition

Successful Leadership Leads to a Successful Business Free Essays

Quality of leadership has become a major focus of almost every business in America today. Extensive research and analysis of this aspect of management has led to many insightful books on effective leadership. One such book is C. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Leadership Leads to a Successful Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. O†Conner†s Successful Leadership. O†Conner discusses this complicated subject by breaking it up into seven major areas. These areas are developing awareness, understanding people, power and authority, communication, decision making, creating a vision, and taking charge. Through these seven areas, O†Conner gives valuable skills in becoming an effective leader. Before an individual can begin incorporating the seven major areas of leadership he must first learn followership. Through following, he realizes not only the importance of a leader that looks after the needs of his supporters, but also the need for supporters that contribute to the leader†s success. In any group or team where leadership is present, these two aspects are complimentary. Like wise, the skills of leadership and followership are also complimentary. An individual cannot develop his leadership skills without having developed his followership skills first. Followers learn the importance that teamwork, cohesiveness, and subordination have in the accomplishment of goals. Additionally, when an individual does obtain a leadership position, the experience he gains in following provides a basis to make better decisions. The first major area of leadership is developing self-awareness. In developing self-awareness, one must first obtain the assessment of others. A major source of this assessment is feedback. Careful attention to attitudes, comments and performance of subordinates offer great insight into the effectiveness of a leader. Listening to thoughts and opinions of fellow leaders is another major source. Honesty is the key to both sources of information in that the individual must not disregard negative aspects of his own leadership qualities. He must realize his own faults and shortcomings. The second step in self-awareness is to create a features list. A features list is done by the leader himself and is made up of at least five good leadership traits and at least five bad ones. A leader†s inability to come up with five or more traits in either category means a severe lack of self-awareness. The purpose of the features list is to keep the leader aware of his own qualities. As the individual develops as a leader, he should continuously create new features lists to ensure his own self-awareness. Once the individual has accurately assessed his own qualities, it is then time to implement improvements. A plan of action is the basis of this implementation. The plan should include creating a list of goals that enhance good qualities and make changes to bad ones. The leader must then make strides in realizing these goals. Like the features list, the individual†s plan of action should change as he develops as a leader. The next area of leadership is understanding people. It is essential that a leader understand that each of his subordinates is different, with different drives, dreams, and ambitions. To â€Å"classify† subordinates into a particular group is to deprive them of their individuality and ignore their particular needs. Understanding each subordinate†s needs is the key to motivating them. In assessing the needs of subordinates, a leader must be able to recognize what level each individual is on in Maslow†s hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs is divided into five levels: the need for food, clothing, and shelter; personal safety and a source of income; family, friends, and caring relationships; self-confidence, creativity and individual achievement; meaning and purpose. In determining the level at which an individual is on, the leader can then help that individual in ascending to the next. The outcome is improved performance on the part of the worker. While this is not the only form of motivating people, it is the most effective in long term motivation. Put more practically, a leader can motivate an individual†s performance not only by explaining the advantages to the company, but also the advantages to that individual†s job security and advancement. By nature, humans seek to attain a better quality of life. For this reason, another effective form of motivation is rewarding. Individuals pay attention to doing a job well when they have personal interests as a result of the outcome. The job becomes beneficial to their own profits and not just the company†s. Balancing the use of rewards is very important. Too many offers of rewards result in disappointment and lack of motivation when one is not offered. Leaders must realize that rewards are only temporary forms of motivation that are not successful in long term leadership. The difficult task of managing power and authority is the third area of successful leadership. While understanding the authority of his position, a leader must also be open to the thoughts and ideas of his subordinates. Disregard for opinions is a sign of a weak leader who is afraid of being undermined and therefor hides behind his power. Leaders express leadership through three basic leadership styles: democratic, autocratic, and permissive. The democratic style of leadership is based on a mutual respect and treating everyone equal, regardless of seniority or position. The leader still maintains authority, but others are able to be active participants in finding solutions to problems. Autocratic leadership provides a strong, undisputed style of leadership that is effective when dealing with controversial issues. While clearly defining goals and expectations, the autocratic style of leadership often results in a leader overpowering subordinates which leads to dissension. The permissive style of leadership is described as being a weak attempt at democratic leadership. Subordinates whose leaders have adopted this style of leadership end up with poor coordination, direction, and guidance. In delegating particular tasks, effective leaders will follow a basic format of assignment. Rather then just handing a subordinate a task with the words â€Å"do this† attached to it, a good leader will define the task, discussing in detail the aspects of it, show why it is important and clearly state any expectations. In doing this the worker has a personal commitment and clear understanding of the importance of the task. Finally, the leader will evaluate and discuss the results of the task with that worker, providing feedback for that worker to improve himself. One of the most vital areas in successful leadership is communication. The most basic form of communication is listening and speaking. This involves not only the exchange of spoken words, but also close attention to body language and tone. This attention allows good listeners to sort of â€Å"read between the words† and fully understand the speaker†s message. Effective speakers take time to prepare what they intend to say, giving careful thought to what it is they are attempting to convey. There are five main features to effective communication. These features are often referred to as social skills. The first involves having a purpose for communication. This aids in guiding the exchange of information and avoids useless or irrelevant communication. The next feature is a clear and logical exchange with directness and confidence. The third feature is appropriateness. The presentation of the information must match the needs of the situation. In other words, choosing the format of delivery (i. e. mail, telephone, person-to-person interaction, etc. that is appropriate to the nature of the information. The forth feature is control. The leader must be able to exhibit self-discipline and restrain from over communicating. An example of this is allowing subordinates to learn tasks without intervention, creating an effective learning environment for the worker and not a micro-managed one. The last feature of communication is the ability to learn. Even the best communicators have room for improvement. Leaders must never be satisfied in their communication skills and continuously make efforts to improve them. Decision making is the next area of successful leadership. Leaders can be forced to make several decisions at the same time, making them to prioritize these decisions based on two criteria: future importance and current urgency. Future importance refers to the long term decisions that may seem insignificant presently, but will greatly impact the company in the long run. Making future importance decisions usually requires a great deal of analysis and planning. Current urgency decisions may seem extremely important at the time, but in actuality are not terribly relevant to the success of the company. In either case, future importance or current urgent, an effective leader makes these decisions with confidence and concern for his subordinates. The complications of decision making can often be made easier through good goal setting. In setting a challenging yet attainable goal, the leader gives solid direction to his department and sets clear objectives. From there, many decisions can be based on whether or not the consequences will help in realizing these goals. These goals offer basic guidance, eliminating irrelevant options. Even with the establishment of goals to guide in decision making, tackling a major decision can be very difficult. It is best for the leader to approach these decisions methodically, using a systematic approach of dealing with it. First the leader must establish what the primary and secondary requirements of the decision are and prioritize them. From there, he begins to consider every possible solution and tries to find new ones. Finally, through assessment of the first two steps, the leader chooses the best alternative based what he has come up with. This process can be used by the individual leader or be opened up for use of the entire workgroup in a more democratic leadership environment. The next area in successful leadership is creating a vision. A vision is an ultimate goal, usually rather universal, that gives overall direction to the company and its employees. The result is unified action that steers generally in the same direction. It is the difficult task of a leader to create and maintain this vision as a guiding light in day to day decisions. He must be aware of the sometimes ever changing â€Å"big picture† as seen by the interests of the company and ensure that the vision is in line with that picture. The final area in successful leadership is taking charge. This involves utilizing all of the first six steps and fully applying them to personal leadership development. It also emphasizes the importance of taking charge of leadership qualities that are already there and maximizing their potential. The leader must draw on experience to guide in decisions on how to lead. People are not born leaders. They become leaders through implementing these seven areas into their lives. A good leader must be able to fail and bounce back, learn from experience, and admit their own limitations. This along with a desire to learn and a drive to complete goals create the leader. How to cite Successful Leadership Leads to a Successful Business, Essay examples

Operation Management System Of Apple Inc- Free Solution

Question: Discuss the operation management system of Apple Inc and link it to the theory of effective operation management. Answer: Introduction The operation functions of an organization are concerned with getting the task done, i.e. producing goods and services for customers. It has the role of making the products and services in such a way that it meets the criteria of the market. As marketing function identifies the needs of the customer, the operation function operates to produce the required goods and services. Every organization is concerned of making grand plan and strategies to meet their goals and objectives. However, a grand plan cannot succeed if not followed with perfection in operations. The operations of the organization are strategically important as every organization comprises their day-to-day activities through the operation function. The key determinant of any organization to attain long term success is the relation between the operation functions and the organization strategy. An organization can meet its goal only if its short term activities in operations are consistent with its long term strategies (Wa rd and Peppard 2016). In the paper, the organization discussed is Apple Inc which is an American multinational technology company whose headquarter is at California. The company develop and design consumer electronic, software of computers and provides online services. The most famous product of Apple is iPhone, iPad tablet computer, iPod portable media player, Mac personal computer and smart watch of Apple. The software produced by the company is ios operating. ITunes media player, macOS, iLife, Safari Web browser, iWork. The company was founded in 1976 and the founder people of Apple are Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Woznaik (apple.com 2016) The paper discusses the operation management practices of Apple Inc. and examines the strategies of the company towards the operation department so that the required product that has sufficient demand in the market is produced optimally. Analysis of theory and practically. Strategy is one of the most widely used word in management and it can be defined as the scope and direction of an organization over a long term that brings advantage to the company through optimum resource mix with the aim to maximise its shareholder expectations. The major three elements of strategy are the firms objectives, external environment and the companys resources. Operation management is concerned with the resources of the organization and the way the operation functions has an impact on achieving its objectives. Thus it is the integral part of any firms strategy (Seuring and Gold 2013). Strategy can be at different level, corporate, business and function. At corporate level it deals with areas like selection of business, allocation of resources between different business and maintaining relationship between business and the centre. A t business level, the strategies shall be to create competitive position, to meet the mission and to make strategic objectives. At functional level, the strategy is to decide how to manage the resource, which technology to adopt and what skills are required (Slack 2015). The operation strategies of any organization are formed to attain the objectives of low cost production, maintain quality of output, develop ability to meet the requirement of customers quickly and lessen the time between order received for product and delivery of the product. Further, objective is to deliver products in accordance to the requirement of the customers and to be flexible in operations when there is a need to change the volume of production, time taken to produce, change in product mix and innovation of new products. It is difficult for any organization to excel in all the strategic areas of operation and all firms strive to plan their operation strategy in such a manner that the cost is low, quality is high, speed of delivery is fast, and dependability is reliable and flexibility is high (Semini et al. 2014). The two important terms in operation management are order winners and order qualifiers. The terms indicate the method of how the operational capabilities internal to the organization can be converted to criteria which brings market success and competitive advantage. It shows the link between marketing and operations. The people who are at operations are responsible for obtaining order qualifying and order winning criteria of marketing that makes the product win the orders in the market. The process of order qualifiers and order winners starts with the strategy of the corporate and ends with the criteria that make the company win over the orders of the customer from the market (Ross 2013). Order qualifiers and order winners are the two criteria to be achieved in the market place by any organization. An order qualifier refers to the characteristics of the product that is required by the customers and order winner is that characteristic which will win the customer purchase. Hence any firm if want to stay in the market must meet the criteria. The firm need to be as good as the competitor to be a qualifier but they need to be better than the competitor for being the order winner. Both the concepts are equally important for operation management. The firms have to be cautious when dealing with the concepts. If the firm produce such high quality product that its cost of production rises and exceeds the market price then enhance in quality lead to loss of order. Hence making order qualifier against order winner in the market. The firm need to strategically plan to avoid such unfavourable results (Roh et al. 2014). Both order winners and order qualifiers are time-specific and market-specific. They operate in different ways, in different combinations, in different markets and with different sets of customers. In some cases, there may be general situations but it is not stable always .In 1990s the order winners were customization of product and speed delivery and the price and quality of product were order winners which were previously order qualifiers. It implies that the market needs and customer preferences keep changing over time and firm need to develop various strategies to support the changing market needs. The matching between the customers and firms perception about order winners and order qualifiers lead to positive sales performance. In other word, favourable sales position is achieved by the firm when there is a match between the firms perception of the product strength and the customers perception of the product. However, increasing gap between the two, leads to negative sales perfor mance (Reid et al. 2016). Further order winners and order qualifiers are also affected by the different stages of the product life cycle. At each stage of product life cycle, the sales of the product depend on several factors like change in technology, level of competition in the industry and preferences of the customers. The product characteristics vary at each stage of product life cycle and it requires different processes of production to meet the changing characteristics. This is only possible if there is proper communication between marketing and operations where marketing identifies the order qualifiers and order winners and operations builds the capabilities to develop the required features of the product. Moreover, product profiling is used to compare the requirement of the product characteristics and the development of the processes to meet the characteristics. It helps to fill the gap between the two and establish a certain level of fit between the order winning criteria and the choices of process f or production (Purce 2014). The paper discusses the operation strategy of Apple Inc., the American based technology multinational company. The corporate objective of Apple inc is to continuously bring innovation of new products and develop research and development in both software and hardware and finally to create unique differentiation of its product against the product of its competitors. The launching of an unique innovative product iPhone has redefined the mobile industry and through it Apple has climbed to the higher income segment of the population to increase its service revenues. Apple has manufactured and concentrated only on single device that is iPhone and has obtained perfect balance between the company charges the same price for the product across the globe. In comparison, the competitors like Nokia, believes in multi-product strategy and charging different prices to different sets of customers and market (Naeem 2014). The target customer of Apple is high-end customers and has limited stores all over the world. It has opened separate retail channel for iPhone and has collaborated with several mobile operators so that there is an increase in the reach and coverage of the network for iPhone. The Apple has collaborated with several mobile operators to increase the network of distribution for the iPhone.The Apple product iPhone has become a potential threat for other competitors especially Nokia. The reason behind it is that Apple has a high scale advantage to meet the demand of the high end customers. Further Apple has not crowded the market with a number of products but has brought only two products in comparison to 20 products of competitors and consists of the better features than the features of the rivals product (Kerzner 2013). The order qualifiers of the market for mobile phone are divided into two segments, the low-end segment and high-end segment. In the low end segment, the order qualifiers are availability of phones and functionality. In the high-end segment, the order qualifiers are image, prestige, trendiness and availability of data content. On the other hand, the order winners are also divided into low-end and high-end customers. In the low-end customer, the order winners are low cost, durability of the product and brand reliability. In the high-end segment of the customers, the order winners are experience of the user, flexibility of the organization to accept the changing trend in the mobiles (Johnson 2014). Apple has fully outsourced in Taiwan the manufacturing operation of the company to lower the cost of production by redesigning the value chain system of the firm. The strength of the company is the low investment cost as it has outsourced its production. The weakness of the company is that it has not reached the huge market of people and is not cost-efficient. The products are high priced and only has targeted high end segment of people. The iPhone is an innovative device and has virtual distribution of data that was present in the phone. The order winner strategy is alignment with high end customers (Hu et al.2013). The operation strategy of Apple is to move from MP3 players to mobiles and to innovate new features. On framing the strategy, it focused on the experience of the users and tried to reduce the gap between what user expect from the product and what companies actually produces. The operation strategy of Apple is to produce high quality good in small volume and produce few goods. It outsourced ad re-outsourced its manufacturing of product to lower the cost of production and create less volume but of highest quality (Holmberg and Ida 2013). The production strategy of Apple Inc is to produce telephonic appliances, low level drivers and develop a plan for following the position. In case of hardware, Apple has tried to develop few products of highest quality and less in volume. The hardware in production makes strategy to gain highest quality product with reasonable price and larger volume of scales. Large numbers of mobile apps has been outsourced to reduce the cost (Tano et al. 2013). The internal organization of Apple has centralised to obtain full control on the firm. It focuses on customer service and has a long vision to obtain success in the firm. The production strategy of Apple is to have central quality control system, to take first mover advantage and to collect feedback from direct customers. The internal organization is controlled and centralised and focuses on experiences from customers. The company believes i autocratic leadership with a long visionary and has attracting talent both internally and externally (Hill et al. 2014). The key manufacturing task of any company is the basis for making strategic policies and is decided by the marketing strategy of the company. The Apples key manufacturing task is flexibility which is obtained in three different ways, new product flexibility, volume flexibility and product-mix flexibility. The order qualifiers of Apple are cost and quality. The company maintains high premium price and high gross margin, so they may not have low cost. Further, the company does not need to maintain highest quality of the product in the market and only sufficient quality is maintained to assure that they have potential customers (Heizer et al.2013). Apple has different strategy towards the labour force in different manufacturing unit. The factory of Apple in United States does not have huge labour force at cheaper rates. The labour force of Apple has several differences in terms of stability, skills, experience and motivation. The workers in the Foxconn unit of Apple do not have stable labour force and the company has kept them on one year contract basis. However, in the US unit, the workers are more stable and mature in their job. The workers in the China unit at Foxconn are literate but do not have much of experience in technical skills and industrial operations as their life is based on traditional agricultural system (Tsai et al.2013). On the other hand, American workers are comfortable with the advanced technological system as they have been growing with it since early ages. For Chinese labour force in Foxconn unit there is lack of safety on social grounds, less opportunities for employment and poverty in the region demands more labour force per unit of production compare to US unit. For every 700 workers of United States unit, the China Unit requires 700 work forces. The less use of labour in US unit is due to larger automation of work in the US factory as compared to Chinas unit. Further in cellular production system, the US unit will require further lower amount of labour force, say 500 workers. This is because of micro line imbalances eliminations and improved motivation of the workers (Heizer et al.2016) The company labour costs are different between different units and comparing them is difficult due to complexities in taxes and exchange rates. The wage structure is different in different countries as well as the benefits availed by the labour force. In Foxconn, the wage given for per hour is $2.50 to the workers whereas in U.S. manufacturing unit, the wage given per hour is $15. So comparing the labour cost, it has been noticed that Apple is able to produce at a cheaper labour cost outside United States than within the country. It implies that the company seeks to establish manufacturing unit in areas of cheaper labour cost in order to reduce its overall cost (Gle 2015). The difference in motivation and background of the workforce calls for different approaches towards the factory operation management system. The U.S factory should consider hiring stable, socialized, matured and teachable labour force. They should invest in training and education for workers and should form work groups and work in team. Further, technical support and quality check supervisors should be included in the team. Moreover, the living standards and cultural background of American labour is different from that of Chinese Labour, so the company should have different compensation structures and training programs (Eden and Ackermann 2013). The allotment of supervisors differs according to the product line and their requirement. It also depends on the quality and standards of the employed labour force. In Foxconn the production line requires lots of supervision and every four workers should have one supervisor above them to ring effective and efficient results and to increase productivity. However, in United States, as the working staff is more matured and experienced, the supervising of the task is comparatively less and the similar assembling line requires fewer supervisors to bring efficiency in the production. For example, in United States per supervisor will have around 10 workers under them than the manufacturing unit in China (David and David 2016). The allotment of technician in industrial engineering will also vary according to the requirement of the unit and perfection of the labour force. A unit in U.S. will require less number of technicians for every lot of workers compared to the unit in China. Regarding automation and equipment the company has to consider several key issues like the workflow and layout of the plan, changes in the volume of production and the support requirement for the installation of automated equipments. The requirement varies according to the products and the place the plant is established (Chase 2012). The manufacturing strategy towards maintaining qualifiers should include strong component of quality and the product need to satisfy the six sigma of total quality management. Further other areas of operation management like, supply chain system scheduling of task and allocation of work need proper planning and strategic movements to obtain efficiency in management of operations (Brown et al.2013). Conclusion and recommendation In conclusion, the brief of the paper is given, The paper basically discusses the operation management system of Apple Inc and link it to the theory of effective operation management. The operation functions of an organization are concerned with getting the task done, i.e. producing goods and services for customers. It has the role of making the products and services in such a way that it meets the criteria of the market. The order winners and order qualifiers are the important area of discussion in the paper. Apple Inc. has a widespread and efficient operation management system. However, seeing the increasing production cost of the product, it is recommended that the manufacturing unit are to be established in countries that have cheaper resources both in term of labour and capital. The training programs for the labour force should be more rigorous for the workers in developing countries than in developed countries. The company should make survey study to analysis the required order qualifiers and order winners of different market in different countries and according should try to minimize the gap between the expected requirement of the customers and the actual requirement met in the product. References Apple. 2016.Apple. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/ [Accessed 18 Jun. 2016]. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013.Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, J., 2012.Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Gle, A., 2015. A relationship framework and application in between strategy and operational plans for manufacturing industry.Computers Industrial Engineering,86, pp.83-94. Heizer, J., Render, B. and Munson, C., 2016.Principles of operations management: sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Heizer, J., Render, P. and Zu'bi, Z., 2013. Operation Management (Arab World Edition). Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Holmberg, E. and Ida, M., 2013. Identification and Categorization of Order Qualifiers and Order Winners in Knowledge Intensive Business Services.ISRN LUTVDG/TVTM--2013/5258--/SE. Hu, H.Y., Yen, T.M., Chiou, J.L. and Cheng, C.C., 2013. Integrating Kano's Model and Gap Analysis to Identify and Improve Order-Winners.Journal of Accounting, Finance Management Strategy,8(1), p.97. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Naeem, M., 2014. An Analysis of the Emirates Airline Operation Management System. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Reid, I., Ismail, H. and Sharifi, H., 2016. A Framework for Operational Agility: How SMEs Are Evaluating Their Supply Chain Integration. InManaging in a VUCA World(pp. 151-168). Springer International Publishing. Roh, J., Hong, P. and Min, H., 2014. Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.198-210. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Semini, M., Haartveit, D.E.G., Alfnes, E., Arica, E., Brett, P.O. and Strandhagen, J.O., 2014. Strategies for customized shipbuilding with different customer order decoupling points.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment,228(4), pp.362-372. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2013. Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.1-6. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Tano, M., Data Tec Co., Ltd., 2013.Operation management device to be mounted to a moving object, portable information terminal, operation management server, and computer program. U.S. Patent 8,421,864. Tsai, S.B., Lee, Y.C., Wu, C.H. and Guo, J.J., 2013. Examining how manufacturing corporations win orders.South African Journal of Industrial Engineering,24(3), pp.112-124. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Stephen Leacocks Arcadian Adventures with the Idl Essay Example For Students

Stephen Leacocks Arcadian Adventures with the Idl Essay e Rich Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich EssaysStephen Leacocks Arcadian Adventures with the Idle RichJonathan Swift has suggested that Satire is a sort ofGlass, wherein Beholders do generally discover every bodys Facetheir own; which is the chief reasonthat so few are offendedwith it. Richard Garnett suggests that, Without humour, satireis invictive; without literary form, and it is mere clownishjeering. (Encyclopaedia Britannica 14th ed. vol. 20 p. 5). Whereas Swifts statement suggests that people are not offendedby satire because readers identify the characters faults withtheir own faults; Garnett suggests that humour is the key elementthat does not make satire offensive. With any satire someone isbound to be offended, but the technique the author uses canchange something offensive into something embarrassing. Stephen Leacocks Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich isa nonthreatening, humorous, and revealing satire of the moralfaults of upper class society. The satire acts as a moralinstrument to expose the effect money can have on religion,government, and anything within its touch. Writing about suchtopics is hard to do without offending people. Leacockstechnique combines money with humour, and accompanies his moralmessage with ironic characters; their exaggerated actions, and aconstant comical tone to prevent readers from being offended. We will write a custom essay on Stephen Leacocks Arcadian Adventures with the Idl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Leacocks utopian world is filled with humorous labels thatrepresent the Plutonians personalities. Ourselves Monthly; amagazine for the modern self-centered, is a Plutonian favourite. To fill their idle days, the Plutonian women are in an endlesssearch for trends in literature and religion. Without thedistractions of club luncheons and trying to achieve the HigherIndifference, the women would have to do something productive. Readers that identify themselves with the class of people thePlutonians represent would be embarrassed rather than offended byLeacocks satirical portrayal of them. The Yahi-Bahi Oriental Society exaggerates the stupidityof the Plutonians to a point where the reader laughs at thecharacters misfortunes. The con men give ridiculous propheciessuch as Many things are yet to happen before others begin.(Leacock 87), and eventually take their money and jewelry. Theexaggeration increases the humour while the moral message isdisplayed. The characters of the novel are ironic in the sence thatthey percieve themselves as being the pinicle of society, yetLeacock makes the look like fools. For someone who pridesthemself on being an expert on just about everything, Mr. Lucullus Fyshes (as slimmy and cold as his name represents)perceptions are proven false. Mr. Fyshe makes hypocraticstatments about ruling class tyranny, while barking down the neckof a poor waiter for serving cold asparagus. Leacock exposes the whole Plutonian buisness world to befools by the their encounter with Mr. Tomlinson. A man who knowslive-stock; not stock market, is percieved as a finacial genius. When Mr. Tomlinson replies that he does know about an investment,the Plutonian reaction is:He said he didnt Know! repeated the listener, in a tone of amazement and respect. By Jove! eh? he said he didnt know! The mans a wizard!And he looked as if he didnt! went on Mr. Fyshe. (Leacock 47)After Mr. Tomlinson is discovered to be a plain farmer, and hisfortune falls, the Plutorians are seen eating their words:Now , I said , for I wanted to test the fellow, `tellme what that means? Would you believe me, he looked me right in the face in that stupid way of his, and hesaid, `I dont know!'He said he didnt know! repeated the listener contemptuously; the man is a fool! (leacock 66)On Plutoria avenue money makes the man and the fool. .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .postImageUrl , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:hover , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:visited , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:active { border:0!important; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:active , .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6987bfb34449ef82602f7e22612f5f6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Linking Media with Fitness Perceptions: A Study on EssayWorth and expense are important for the inhabitants ofPlutoria avenue. Even the birds are the most expensive kind ofbirds (Leacock 7). The innocents, Mr. Tomlinson and his family,show that for Plutorians personal worth is based on the amount ofmoney an individual has. The media builds up Mr. Tomlinson to bea financial genius, because of his great amount of money and hismysterious look. His look is a confused man caught in a worldof which he has no understanding, but the money makes him theGreat dominating character of the newest and highest finance.(Leacock 36). Mr. Tomlinsons wife is described by the media assetting new trends, and shaking the fashion world. She could haveworn a garbage bag in public, and probably received the samereview. Leacock exaggerates the obsession of money to a humorouspoint that not even religion is spared. Religion is a social event and business opportunity forPlutonians. Rather than spiritual worth, St. Asaph and St. Osophchurches are humorously described by mortgages, dollars persquare feet, and Bible give away debits. Priests work for thechurch that offers them the most money, and has the best sociallife. It would not be surprising if the two churches soldindulgences. In the real world corruption of the church would beoffensive to allot of people, but when desguised in humourLeacock shields the readers from personal offence. Leacock touches on the controvesal topic of updating churchdoctrine by creating a humorous misunderstanding between Rev. Furlong and his father:Now we, he went on, I mean the Hymnal Supply Corporation, have an idea for bringing out an entirely newBible. /A new Bible! he gasped. Precisely! said his father, a new Bible! This one and we find it every day in our business is all wrong.All wrong! said the rector with horror on his face. /For the market of to-day this Bible and he poised it again on his hand, as to test its weight, is too heavy. The people of to-day want something lighter, something easier to get hold of. (Leacock 149). The humorous exchange is not offensive, yet maintains its moralundertone. Satires primary use is to expose. If no one was offendedor embarrassed by it then the work and the humour is an end initself. Leacocks technique creates a Works citedGarnett, Richard. Encyclopedia Brtannica, 14th ed. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1959. Leacock, Stephen. Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1989. Works consultedAllen and Stephens. Satire, Theory and Practice. ed. Allen and Stephens. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company,Inc., 1962.

Online MBA at University of Massachusetts Essays

Online MBA at University of Massachusetts Essays Online MBA at University of Massachusetts Essay Online MBA at University of Massachusetts Essay In its early stages, the University of Massachusetts had only 56 students. These students set the grounds and started something that grew to become one of the best Universities in this area. Its Management Isenberg School received the most prestigious AACSB accreditation and another regional accreditation by the NEASC. The University of Massachusetts accepts students from 23 countries and from everywhere in this nation. It helps students gain more knowledge and represents one of the best management online MBA programs. This program offers only one online MBA program in Management. It’s not only the degree that matters because the knowledge and real-life techniques you will get are something you can’t find in other schools. All students who will enroll in this program must complete 37 credits in order to get a degree. The whole program includes 30 electives you can pick from. Each one of these electives carries 1-3 credit hours. The University of Massachusetts organized this Online MBA program in 3 semesters: fall, summer and spring. This school requires from students to take at least one course per fall and spring semesters. This program was structured to accept maximum 6 credits if you choose to transfer from another accredited institution. You need to have a â€Å"B† grade and the course must be within 3 years of your enrollment in order to get transferred to this university. The University of Massachusetts or its Management School takes all students in an educational journey where they will pick everything they need to face the real-world challenges. If you want to apply to this school, you need to have at least 3 years of business experience, graduate school application, GMAT without any minimum score, 2 recommendation letters, transcripts of your previous colleges, fulfilled application with application fee and resume. For international students there are some additional requirements which can be found on the official website of this university. The great thing about the University of Massachusetts is that it offers financial aid. The tuition is $750 per credit along with $45 you are obligated to pay every semester. For more information about financial aid and other helpful information you can contact the school through its official webpage. This university offers 24/7 live support for any questions or technical difficulties. The school offers CCC (Chase Career Center) that assists students to make various connections with many employers. It also has Recruiting Edge Blog that keeps students up to date with any opened recruitments and job offers.

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes Essay

The Double Door between Monsters and Heroes - Essay Example ets, Harry, Hermione and Ron not only solve the strange affairs which involved Hogwarts’ students being attacked, but they also become heroes by struggling and conquering obstacles. Through the movie, Rowling effectively informs the viewers about the differences between heroes and monsters although the author’s style is quite subtle compared to what most viewers and readers understand about the subject matters. Because Rowling’s monster type is a little different from the normal status quo monster, it is beneficial to first learn about the qualities of traditional monsters. According to Hugh Chisholm (739), monsters are described as â€Å"species of animals or humans which are sporadically malformed in whole or in part, such as teratology, redundant chromosome number and nuclear mutation†. In the 1998 edition of Godzilla (Rickitt 74-76), because of nuclear radiation, â€Å"Godzilla grows into a robust, erect-standing, reptilian sea monster from an ectomorph, digitigrade bipedal iguana-like creature.†(Chisholm 739-741) Additionally, in the movie, Godzilla ruthlessly slaughters the innocent and he insanely destroys all of New York City. For instance, there is an impressive scene in which a five-year-old girl cries and looks like she is begging Godzilla not to hurt her but the monster still steps on her. However, because of the fact that Godzilla’s brain has not co mpletely developed, human beings are able to overthrow him by sacrificing the entire city. People call Godzilla a monster because of his humungous size, gruesome appearance and seemingly unbreakable body. In addition, he is characterized as ruthless, horrible, dangerous and different in all ways from human beings. The monster in the movie Godzilla is horrific, awful and unwise; completely different from a person. However, in Rowling’s series, the monsters take the form of human beings with more peculiar appearance, character and demeanor. In Harry Potter, the monsters are gorgeous just like Lord

Islamic world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamic world - Essay Example when centered round the life of the Prophet Muhammad, or other significant events in Islamic history, touch upon leadership, and emphasize that authority comes from Allah and belongs to those of noble lineage: â€Å"of princely stock† (al-Mulk, as cited by Darke, 1960), or belonging to the house of the Prophet Muhammad: his â€Å"blood relations† (al-Tabari, 923. Battle of Karbala). The right of succession is also clearly delineated, to avoid dissension in the community. In general, the conceptions of leadership are mainly concerned with the importance of keeping the Muslim community together, the obligation of the community to obey the leader, and the qualities and duties of a good leader. The primary requirement of Islamic leadership is the unity of the community. The objective of a leader is to ensure that the Islamic kingdom â€Å"will endure and increase day by day† (Darke, 1960). This is relevant in the early days of Islam, when the threat of schisms and factions rising and leading to the â€Å"split up into factions† (Ishaq, 632) of the newly-found community was very real. God’s command to his caliphs is to confirm Islam, â€Å"consolidate its sway ---- and strengthen its ties† (al-Tabari, 923. Letter of the Umayyad Caliph). The unity of the believers is essential for the survival of the new religion, and the leader is urged to foster communal bonds and guard against any dissension. It is clearly stated that â€Å"a community can be saved only if it has a head who can unite it† (al-Tabari, 923. Letter of Uthman), and warnings against discord and schisms are repeatedly given. Islam ensures the obligation of the community to obey the leader by explicitly stating that the authority of the leader comes directly from God, and commands, â€Å"No one contests the rights of the Caliph† (al-Tabari, 923. Letter of the Umayyad Caliph). Obedience to the caliphate is equated with obedience to God’s will and is held out to be the path to happiness, well-being and God’s

Management and Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Management and Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Management is essentially an act of fulfillment of objectives through people, and efficient management implies getting the maximum output from the people. Therefore, a good manager must encourage teamwork and enhance team spirit by meeting the needs of both the individual and the team. This paper focuses on various theories of management and demonstrates their application with the help of a case study. Roles of a Manager – case of Oliver A business organization is a complex body that requires efficient and skilful management for proper running. A manager has multiple functions and responsibilities. Based on this theory, Henry Mintzberg identified ten essential managerial roles that are required for the fulfillment of the company’s objectives. The ten managerial roles are – 1) Figurehead, 2) Leader, 3) Liaison, 4) Monitor, 5) Disseminator, 6) Spokesperson, 7) Entrepreneur, 8) Disturbance-handler, 9) Resource-allocator, and 10) Negotiator (Watson & Gallagher, 2005, p.34). He has further categorized them in three groups as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur Leader Disseminator Disturbance-handler Liaison Spokesperson Resource-allocator Negotiator (Lussier & Achua, 2009, p.10) The interpersonal roles define the authoritativeness of the manager and involve maintenance of a positive relationship with the employees. In figurehead role, the manager performs symbolical or ceremonial duties that can be of either social or legal nature. For instance, he needs to do social functions like attending to candidates for jobs, presenting awards, entertaining clients, receiving official visitors, and attending farewell dinners. As legal function he has the authority to sign official papers like cheques, vouchers and contracts. In leader role, a manager supervises and evaluates the performances of employees, hires new employees and provides them training. In liaison role, he maint ains contact with people outside the organization to form a network of services. The second group which is informational roles involves a major part of managerial functions which is to gather and convey information from the employees. In monitor role, the manager needs to gather information regarding problems and solutions of the organization. This can be done by reading journals, magazines, newspapers or by attending meetings inside or outside the organization or by observing and comparing the business activities of the competitors. In disseminator role, the manager receives information from internal sources like higher level of management or from external sources. He in turn transmits the information to the employees through group meetings or emails. In spokesperson role, the manager provides information about the organization to outside people like consumer groups, press, TV and government officials and any other communities who have vested interest in the organization. The third group which is decisional roles involves assessment of various possibilities before making strategies for the benefit of the organization. Such decisions may affect few employees or can affect the entire organization. In entrepreneur role, a manager develops ideas for new projects, makes decisions to abandon any project, develops innovative ideas and new products. In disturbance-handler role, a manager finds means to resolve external or internal

Java Coffee Shop Business Plan Marketing Essay

Java Coffee Shop Business Plan Marketing Essay Java Culture coffee bar is determined to become a daily necessity for local coffee addicts, a place to dream of as you try to escape the daily stresses of life and  just a  comfortable place to meet your friends or to read a book, all in one. With the growing demand for high-quality gourmet coffee and great service, Java Culture will capitalize on its proximity to the University of Oregon campus to build a core group of repeat customers. The company will operate a 2,300 square foot coffee bar within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus. The owners have secured this location through a three-year lease with an option for extending. The have also provided $140,000 of the required $170,000 start-up funds. The remaining capital will be obtained through  Bank of America commercial loans. The company is expected to grow sales revenue from $584,000 in FY2001 to $706,000 in year three. As Java Culture will strive to maintain a 65% gross profit margin and reasonable operating expenses,  it will see  net profits grow from $100,000 to$125,000 during the same period. Java Culture coffee bar will be located on the ground floor of the commercial building at the corner of West 13th Avenue and Patterson Street in Eugene, OR. The company has secured a one-year lease of the vacant 2,500 square feet premises previously occupied by a hair salon. The lease contract has an option of renewal for three years at a fixed rate that Java Culture will execute depending on the financial strength of its business. The floor plan will include a 200 square feet back office and a 2,300 square feet coffee bar, which will include a seating area with 15 tables, a kitchen, storage area and two bathrooms. The space in the coffee bar will be approximately distributed the following way1,260 square feet (i.e., 55% of the total) for the seating area, 600 square feet (26%) for the production area, and the remaining 440 square feet (19%) for the customer service area. This property is located in a commercial area within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus on the corner of a major thoroughfare connecting affluent South Eugene neighborhood with the busy downtown commercial area. The commercially zoned premises have the necessary water and electricity hookups and will require only minor remodeling to accommodate the espresso bar,  kitchen and storage area. The coffee bars open and clean interior design with modern wooden decor will convey the quality of the served beverages and snacks, and will be in-line with the establishments positioning as an eclectic place where people can relax and enjoy their cup of coffee. The clear window displays, through which passerby will be able to see customers enjoying their beverages, and outside electric signs will be aimed to grab the attention of the customer traffic. Java Culture will offer its customers the best tasting coffee beverages in the area. This will be achieved by using high-quality ingredients and strictly following preparation guidelines. The store layout, menu listings and marketing activities will be focused on maximizing the sales of higher margin espresso drinks. Along with the espresso drinks, brewed coffee and teas, as well as some refreshment beverages, will be sold in the coffee bar. Java Culture will also offer its clients pastries, small salads and sandwiches. For the gourmet clientele that prefers to prepare its coffee at home, Java Culture will also be selling coffee beans. The menu of the Java Culture coffee bar will be built around espresso-based coffee drinks such as lattes, mochas, cappuccinos, etc. Each of the espresso-based drinks will be offered with whole, skimmed, or soy milk. Each of these coffee beverages is based on a shot of espresso, which is prepared in the espresso machine by forcing heated water through ground coffee at high pressure. Such espresso shots are combined with steamed milk and/or other additives like cocoa, caramel, etc., to prepare the espresso-based beverages. Proper preparation techniques are of paramount importance for such drinks. A minor deviation from the amount of coffee in the shot, the size of the coffee particles, the temperature of milk, etc., can negatively affect the quality of the prepared drink. U.S. coffee consumption has shown steady growth, with gourmet coffee having the strongest growth. Coffee drinkers in the Pacific Northwest are among the most demanding ones. They favor well-brewed gourmet coffee drinks and demand great service. Eugene, OR, with its liberal and outgoing populace and long rainy winter, has traditionally been a great place for coffee establishments. Java Culture will strive to build a loyal customer base by offering a great tasting coffee in a   relaxing environment of its coffee bar located close to the bustling University of Oregon campus. Java Culture will focus its marketing activities on reaching the University students and faculty, people working in offices located close to the coffee bar and on sophisticated teenagers. Our market research shows that these are the customer groups that are most likely to buy gourmet coffee products. Since gourmet coffee consumption is universal across different income categories and mostly depends on the level of higher education, proximity to the University of Oregon campus will provide access to the targeted customer audience. Java Culture will cater to people who want to get their daily cup of great-tasting coffee in a relaxing atmosphere. Such customers vary in age, although our location close to the University campus means that most of our clientele will be college students and faculty. Our market research shows that these  are discerning customers that gravitate towards better tasting coffee. Furthermore, a lot of college students consider coffee bars to be a convenient studying or meeting location, where they can read or meet with peers without the necessity to pay cover charges. For us, this will provide a unique possibility for building a loyal client base. Coffee consumption has shown a steady 2.5% growth rate in the United States over the last decade. In 1994, total sales of coffee were approximately $7.5 billion with gourmet coffee representing 33% (or $2.5 billion) of that. The retail coffee industry is flourishing in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The local climate, with a long rainy season, is very conducive for the consumption of hot non-alcoholic beverages. At the same time, hot dry summers drive people into cafes to order iced drinks. Further, coffee has really become a part of the lifestyle in the Pacific Northwest. Its discerning coffee drinkers are in favor of well-prepared, strong coffee-based beverages, which they can consume in a  relaxing environment. According to the 1997 Oregon Food service Statistics (NAICS 72), Eugene had 45 established snack non-alcoholic beverage bars (NAICS 722213) with total sales of $14.2 million. Among other establishments that offer coffee drinks to their customers are most of Eugenes limited- and full-service restaurants. Java Cultures direct competitors will be other coffee bars located near the University of Oregon campus. These include Starbucks, Cafe Roma, The UO Bookstore, and other Food service establishments that offer coffee. Starbucks will definitely be one of the major competitors because of its strong financial position and established marketing and operational practices. However, despite of Starbucks entrenched market position, many customers favor smaller, independent establishments that offer cozy atmosphere and good coffee at affordable prices. Cafe Roma is a good example of such competition. Despite the owners and managers experience in the definitely industry, the company will retain the consulting services of ABC Espresso Services, the consultants who have helped to develop the business idea for Java Culture. This company has over twenty years of experience in the retail coffee industry and has successfully opened dozens of coffee bars across the U.S. Consultants will be primarily used for market research, customer satisfaction surveys and to provide additional input into the evaluation of the new business opportunities. Java Culture will capitalize on the strong demand for high-quality gourmet coffee. The owners have provided the company with sufficient start-up capital. With successful management aimed at establishing and growing a loyal customer base, the company will see its net worth doubling in two years. Java Culture will maintain a healthy 65% gross margin, which combined with reasonable operating expenses, will provide enough cash to finance further growth.

Peace- George Herbert Essay -- English Literature

Peace- George Herbert George Herbert depicts a search for peace through religion in his poem "Peace" by utilizing allusion to the Bible and symbolism. George Herbert begins his poem by asking a question; "Sweet Peace, where dost thou dwell?" This is an apostrophe to Peace because the narrator is seeking peace in a variety of sublunary places and objects such as a cave, a rainbow, a Crown Imperial flower, and he finally asks a reverend where he may find peace. The reverend recounts the life of a prince who "sweetly lived" and "who lived with good increase of flock and fold." The prince died and on his grave "there sprang twelve stalks of wheat" which prospered and spread throughout the Earth. Anyone who fed on the wheat discovered "a secret virtue, bringing peace and mirth by flight of sin." The story the reverend relates to the man in search of peace is an illusion to the Bible. The prince that reverend speaks of is Jesus Christ, and the proceeding events follow the life and death of Jesus. The reverend speaks of how he was murdered by his foes which relates to Je...